Concept of Biological Diversity,
or Biodiversity.
Biodiversity or
biological diversity is the variety of life. This recent concept includes
several levels of biological organization. It embraces the diversity of plants,
animals, fungi and microorganisms that live in a given space, their genetic
variability, ecosystems of which are part of these species and landscapes or
regions where ecosystems are located. It also includes the ecological and
evolutionary processes that occur at the level of genes, species, ecosystems
and landscapes.
Causes of the Loss of Biological.
The causes of biodiversity loss are:
ü The elimination of live to over-exploit natural
resources (fishing, hunting, intensive agriculture, overgrazing ...) beings.
ü The elimination of natural habitats of certain species
for urban or road construction.
ü The destruction of resources to make objects such as
paper, tools, building materials.
ü Contamination of habitats and food resources of living
beings with fertilizers, pesticides, toxic emissions and discharges that alter
their reproductive processes.
ü The introduction of species into new habitats, causing
an imbalance between species.
ü Climate change.
ü Reforestation with fast-growing monocultures.
Problems of Biological Diversity
in Venezuela and the Region.
Natural treasures make fortunate countries.
Venezuela is rich in oil, but it is also in other natural products, and therefore,
our country is considered megadiverse, highlight an expression of how rich we
are in animal life, plant life and landscapes. They are megadiverse Brasil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, México, among Latin American countries.
Given the geographical location
of Venezuela in northern South America, where the influence of the Atlantic
Ocean and Caribbean Sea is received, and the existence of large mountain ranges
along our coast, east (in the tepuis) and in the West (on the border with Colombia),
a variety of landscapes or areas of life, where all species of wild fauna and
flora of the Venezuelan host occurs.
In turn, these life zones are
traversed by streams and rivers, and contain lakes and marshes, turning the
country into a veritable factory of fresh water, one that is just as scarce in
other regions of the planet, making it suitable for development jungles, forests,
grassland, and crops.
And in this land of grace, the
variety of life unfolds. There are about 15,500 different species of plants,
that is, we are very rich in ferns, orchids, bamboos, in grasses, trees. Wealth
also extends to wild animals, where there are approximately 1200 species of
fish, 300 species of amphibians and reptiles as many, about 1300 species of
birds and 350 species of mammals. Insects are also very numerous, probably more
than 150,000 species! Other animals also abound.
Human Overpopulation. Pollution.
Overcrowding and Overpopulation
is a condition where the population density is extended to a limit which causes
a deterioration of the environment, a decrease in quality of life, or a
collapse of the population. Generally, this term refers to the relationship
between the .
Overcrowding not only depends on
the size or density of the same, but the relationship of this with the
resources of the environment. It also depends on the ability to use and
distribute these resources by the entire population. Drawing on a population of
10 individuals , but there is enough food or drink for 9, this being a closed
system where you can not trade, talk about a crowded environment, if the
population is 100 but there is enough food, shelter and water 200 for the
indefinite future , then there is overpopulation. Overpopulation can result
from increased births, a decrease in mortality due to medical advances,
increased immigration or for insostenime biome and depletion of resources. It
is possible that in areas of low population density of overpopulation, because
the area in question can not sustain human life (eg: Sahara) within the overall
framework of planet earth this has not occurred so far by the best use
resources through technology. We are currently more than 6,000 million people
on the planet. Moreover, we must be aware that the major cause of pollution and
thus effects of global warming should indirectly that there are more people
producing waste CO2.
Overcrowding is a term that
refers to a condition in which the population density is extended to a limit
which causes a deterioration of the environment, a reduction in quality of life,
or a collapse of the population.
